• The endocannabinoid system ECS consists

  2022-02-21

  

  The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2 receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, and the synthesizing and degrading enzymes for these ligands. Cannabinoids and the ECS are involved in the regulation of GI motility in physiological and p

• Our data for glucose and insulin tolerance tests

  2022-02-21

  

  Our data for glucose and insulin tolerance tests indicate that niacin-induced hyperglycemia is proportional to the degree of insulin resistance induced, implying that there is deterioration in islet function with niacin treatment (McCulloch et al., 1991). In this regard, we have demonstrated, for th

• In addition to the role of TGR the FXR FGF

  2022-02-21

  

  In addition to the role of TGR5, the FXR-FGF15/19 axis has been implicated in other aspects of glucose metabolism and metabolic disorders. In humans, both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with lower plasma FGF19 levels [67,68]. A derivative of the naturally occurring FXR ag

• Acknowledgements br Introduction The neurotransmitter glycin

  2022-02-21

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction The neurotransmitter glycine acts through two receptors: a strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyA) and a strychnine-insensitive glycine receptor (GlyB). GlyA is localized to the neuronal membrane post-synaptic to inhibitory glycinergic neurons, whereas GlyB is

• Nevertheless in the brain we found that trehalose

  2022-02-18

  

  Nevertheless, in the brain, we found that trehalose phosphorylates AMPK, which is a metabolic sensor. AMPK is known to be transiently activated in muscle by acute exercise [21,22]. Bayod et al. also reported that AMPK was significantly activated in both the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in exercis

• br Material and methods br Results br

  2022-02-18

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Functional characterization of naturally occurring GCK mutations in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis has widened our knowledge of the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of this enzyme [3]. In this work, we have biochemically characterized a

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction High intensity noise exp

  2022-02-18

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction High-intensity noise exposure has long been known to induce damage in the peripheral and central auditory system, often resulting in auditory pathologies such as hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis (Syka, 2002; Roberts et al., 2010). Within the inner ear, struc

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Ghrelin

  2022-02-18

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Ghrelin is reported to regulate a number of processes related to cancer progression including tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis [3,7,[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. In the present study, we examined the potential eff

• br Materials Aspergillus oryzae GS U mg solid was obtained

  2022-02-18

  

  Materials Aspergillus oryzae βGS (8.4 U mg−1 solid) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. (USA). o-Nitrophenyl β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG), sodium carbonate, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, calcium chloride and potassium chloride were procured from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL), M

• Methods Very briefly PLA polymeric nanoparticles as well

  2022-02-18

  

  Methods Very briefly: PLA polymeric nanoparticles as well as liposomes were synthesized and loaded with three different FGFR inhibitors. The encapsulation efficiency, average size, PDI, zeta potential, stability and release kinetics were investigated. The most promising formulations were biological

• Active compounds and were further tested and EC

  2022-02-18

  

  Active compounds , , and were further tested and EC and pEC values were determined as shown in . Compound showed EC of 0.97μM (pEC 6.01) with 84.5% maximal response, which suggests that introduction of alkyl chain on aromatic nucleus of , resulted in improved GPR40 agonistic activity than that of (E

• This study introduces a mouse

  2022-02-18

  

  This study introduces a mouse model carrying the point mutation R258W in Ffar1, which abolishes the stimulation of insulin secretion in response to long chain fatty acids. The minimal genetic alteration mirrors the human situation and has the advantage over conventional knockout/congenic mouse model

• br Introduction More than structurally different isoprenoids

  2022-02-18

  

  Introduction More than 30,000 structurally different isoprenoids, such as steroids, carotenoids, prenyl side-chain of quinones, prenyl proteins, and natural rubber, exist in nature. In a biosynthetic pathway, linear prenyl diphosphates are common structures as a precursor of isoprenoids, as shown

• We also intended to determine the possible

  2022-02-18

  

  We also intended to determine the possible mechanism underlying EZH2 upregulation in the PC. Although no recurrent mutations of EZH2 have been described in CLL [27, 28, 29], we aimed to rule out the possibility of activating mutations in the background of EZH2 overexpression. We detected no mutation

• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellula

  2022-02-18

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

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