• Experiment B CP during fear acquisition normalizes fear pote

  2021-02-11

  

  Experiment 4B: CP154,526 during fear acquisition normalizes fear-potentiated startle and prevents exacerbation of contextual conditioned fear in SERT−/− rats. As genotypes differed markedly in basal fear acquisition, drug effects could differ strongly between genotypes. Therefore, all effects in th

• Simon discusses this in the remarks and historical notes sec

  2021-02-11

  

  Simon discusses this in the remarks and historical notes section following the general discussion of dynamically defined Verblunsky coefficients; see [12, pp. 706–707]. He points out that “understanding almost periodic Verblunsky coefficients is an intriguing open area” and in particular describes

• Several recent reviews have appeared

  2021-02-10

  

  Several recent reviews have appeared covering different aspects of the sPLA2 family of enzymes, including sPLA2-V, and the interested reader is kindly directed to these for specific details [34,[135], [136], [137]]. It is important to remark here, however, that recent studies on sPLA2-V suggest that

• br Conflicts of interest br Financial

  2021-02-10

  

  Conflicts of interest Financial support NZ is an Established Investigator of the Dutch Heart Foundation (2013T111) and is supported by an ERC Consolidator grant (617376) from the European Research Council and by a Vici grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO; 91818

• br Introduction Biocatalysis can be

  2021-02-10

  

  Introduction Biocatalysis can be used to synthesize chiral building blocks, such as monomers for polymer materials, and precursors for pharmaceuticals [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Enzymes are very suitable for catalyzing reactions with high enantioselectivity to obtain chiral products. For instance, alc

• Cell migration and invasion are

  2021-02-10

  

  Cell migration and invasion are central processes in the development and metastasis of cancer. The regulation of cell migration by DDR1 has been reported in many types of cancer cell lines; however, conflicting results have been reported regarding the inhibitory as well as promotive effects of DDR1

• br Results br Discussion The structures presented here

  2021-02-10

  

  Results Discussion The structures presented here were solved at high carnitine palmitoyltransferase and show in detail how DDR1 achieves high affinity for imatinib and ponatinib, respectively. Both type II inhibitors bind in their more potent extended conformations to the inactive DFG-out con

• Functionally all members of the IL

  2021-02-10

  

  Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec

• On the other hand p responds to

  2021-02-10

  

  On the other hand, p38 responds to environmental stress, including ultraviolet light, heat, osmotic shock, and inflammatory cytokines (Pearson et al., 2001, Kumar et al., 2003), and is activated in astrocytes after ischemia-like injury (Yung and Tolkovsky, 2003, Niu et al., 2009). Moreover, p38 acti

• Confidence with which data of animal safety toxicity studies

  2021-02-10

  

  Confidence with which data of animal safety/toxicity studies can be translated to human depends upon the knowledge that whether humans would be exposed to similar chemical entities (parent and its metabolites) as the animals exposed during toxicity studies. In this regard, in vitro qualitative evalu

• Employing distinct genetic and pharmacological approaches Di

  2021-02-10

  

  Employing distinct genetic and pharmacological approaches, Divakaruni et al. now demonstrate that macrophages still acquire their IL-4-elicited phenotype in the absence of CPT1a (considered the main isoform in leukocytes) or CPT2, and highlight that the increased LC-FAO in M(IL-4) cells is less cruc

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2021-02-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Neointimal VSMC accumulation contributes considerably to vessel occlusion observed in both autologous vein graft degeneration [1], [2] and in-stent restenosis [26], [27]. In this study, the potential for retarding VSMC proliferation and hence amelior

• For most enolases fluoride acts as an inhibitor while Mg

  2021-02-09

  

  For most enolases, fluoride acts as an inhibitor, while Mg2+ is the most important metal activator. In yeast systems, metal cations and fluoride bind to enolase at the active center of the enzyme, forming a complex. The complex blocks the binding of substrates to the enzyme in yeast systems, thereby

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-02-09

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Plg plays important roles in various physiological processes, such as fibrinolysis, proteolysis, cell migration, differentiation, tissue remodeling, and inflammation [6], [7], [8]. We herein found that Plg deficiency enhanced insulin secretion, and w

• 5-fluorocytosine A previous report demonstrated that DA

  2021-02-09

  

  A previous report demonstrated that DA-dependent oxidative stress may be the initial event in MA neurotoxicity (Cubells et al., 1994). Oxidative burdens at early stage might be a prerequisite for neurotoxic scenarios induced by 3-FMA, and they are in line with MA case (Shin et al., 2012, Shin et al.

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