• br Abbreviations br Introduction br Collagen induced

  2019-10-28

  

  Abbreviations Introduction Collagen-induced DDR activation A key feature of DDRs is their ability to bind both fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens (Shrivastava et al., 1997, Vogel et al., 1997). DDR1 and DDR2 recognize the GVMGVO (O, hydroxyproline) motif within fibrillar collagens I–III

• The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of T

  2019-10-28

  

  The molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of Th1 versus Tfh Oseltamivir from IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells remain largely uncharacterized in humans. This topic has been extensively studied in mice (Weinmann, 2014), because IL-12 stimulation promotes mouse naive CD4+ T cells to express

• As in our earlier observations

  2019-10-28

  

  As in our earlier observations, the PTPN22 SNP affected the appearance of β-cell autoimmunity, but in contrast to our earlier report, only a borderline effect of the PTPN22 SNP on the progression to clinical disease was observed in the current analysis [22], [27]. The finding of an effect of the PT

• Muscle Ring Fingers MuRFs comprising TRIM

  2019-10-28

  

  Muscle Ring Fingers (MuRFs) comprising TRIM63 (MuRF1), TRIM55 (MuRF2) and TRIM54 (MuRF3) are the most studied TRIMs in the heart. However, with increasing knowledge of E3 ligases and recent advancements in the field, many other TRIMs such as TRIM8, TRIM21, TRIM24, TRIM32, TRIM45, TRIM69 and TRIM72 w

• br A brief history of RBR E s RBR

  2019-10-28

  

  A brief history of RBR E3s RBR E3s were originally defined based on sequence alignments that predicted a tripartite motif of three zinc (Zn)-binding domains: two RING domains (RING1 and RING2) connected via an in-between-RING (IBR) domain [28], [29]. The prediction together with initial observati

• netarsudil The authors identified inhibitors of SUMOylation

  2019-10-28

  

  The authors identified inhibitors of SUMOylation using two assays to monitor the conjugation of SUMO1 to RanGAP1 by E1 and E2 enzymes: a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) primary screen that evaluated over 250,000 compounds and a chemiluminescence secondary screen. A counter screen was u

• Compounds that interact with MDR can do so

  2019-10-28

  

  Compounds that interact with MDR1 can do so by different mechanisms. Verapamil is known to modulate drug resistance by acting as a competitive MDR1 substrate [36]. Interestingly, NU7441 has similar growth inhibitory activity in the sensitive and resistant Butaprost synthesis and there was no observ

• br Materials and methods br Discussion To date

  2019-10-28

  

  Materials and methods Discussion To date, only a fraction of studies pertaining to analysis of avian semen have focused on the study of DNA, with the vast majority being associated with the effects of cryopreservation on sperm DNA integrity (Kotłowska et al., 2007, Madeddu et al., 2009, Partyk

• br Discussion Of the age related differences in serum

  2019-10-25

  

  Discussion Of the age-related differences in serum non-cholesterol sterols, we first deal with the cholesterol precursors. After birth, the markedly elevated serum desmosterol values decreased during the first year of life, and after 1 year of age they were similar between the other age groups. S

• Two GPCR subtypes of interest in

  2019-10-25

  

  Two GPCR subtypes of interest in the myocardium are the endothelin receptor (ETR) and the α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR). Upon ligand binding, these receptors canonically activate the Gαq protein leading to activation of phospholipase C, hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into diacy

• Our study provides proof of principle for

  2019-10-25

  

  Our study provides proof of principle for dimerizing two different E3 ligases as a novel approach to inducing one ligase to degrade the other one. The outcome of ‘ligase versus ligase’ PROTAC-mediated activity might be unpredictable a priori, but could reveal a new mechanism for proximity-mediated h

• The E enzyme is the

  2019-10-25

  

  The E1 enzyme is the apex for downstream enzymatic cascades and signaling pathways mediated by Ub and Ub-like proteins (Ubls) (Pickart, 2001). Studying characteristics of E1 and its catalytic functions may throw light to the role of ubiquitination in cell development. All known eukaryotic E1 are mon

• In contrast to G and G which are buried

  2019-10-25

  

  In ceramidase to G468 and G469, which are buried (Fig. 7a), residues 470–476 are equivalent to the surface loop L12 present in the crystal structure of the LigI complex (Fig. 7b) [17]. The OBD of DNA ligases adopts at least two distinct orientations during the catalytic cycle. In the adenylation st

• DGK deficiency caused a significant increase in

  2019-10-25

  

  DGKδ deficiency caused a significant increase in the SERT protein level, but its mRNA level was not affected (Fig. 1). These results suggest that SERT protein stability is directly reduced by interaction with the DGKδ protein. In contrast, DGKδ deficiency regulated both TPH-2 and MAO-A protein and m

• The discoidin domain receptors DDR and DDR are receptor

  2019-10-25

  

  The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are stimulated by collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike most other RTKs, they form ligand-independent stable dimers that are non-covalently linked. This ECM activation induces receptor phosphorylati

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